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Sudanese Observatory for Human Rights Warns of Disease Outbreaks and Health System Collapse in Darfur and Kordofan

The Sudanese Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) released a human rights report on 6 November 2026, documenting a serious deterioration in health conditions across Darfur and Kordofan.

Cholera, measles and whooping cough are spreading amid the widespread collapse of the health system, disrupted medical services, and shortages of medicines, vaccines and safe drinking water.

Darfur

  • In a report published on 4 November 2026, Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) revealed that 28,481 cases of measles and 1,913 cases of whooping cough had been recorded at facilities supported by the organisation between January 2024 and April 2026.
  • The organisation reported that 75% of people with measles had not been vaccinated, and that children under five accounted for 69% of cases.
  • South Darfur alone recorded more than 10,600 suspected measles cases during the first four months of 2026.

West Kordofan

  • A new wave of cholera began in May 2026, with cases concentrated in En Nahud locality and the areas of Foga, Hamir, and Hilla Hussein, before spreading to other areas.
  • According to World Health Organization (WHO) data through 30 August 2026, Sudan recorded 2,887 cholera cases and 247 deaths, with a case fatality rate of 8.6%.

North Kordofan

  • The infection spread to new areas, amid growing risks linked to displacement, water contamination, and weak health services.
  • WHO confirms that 37% of health facilities in Sudan are out of service.
  • MSF estimates that around 21 million people cannot access basic or lifesaving medical care.
  • Operating health facilities in Darfur face severe shortages of doctors, medical staff, medicines, vaccines, and medical equipment.
  • Many vaccination centers lack the cold chains needed to store vaccines, while routine immunisation services and disease surveillance systems have been disrupted.
  • Coverage of the first dose of the measles vaccine fell to 46% in 2024, compared with 80% in 2022.
  • In June 2026, the WHO’s Health Cluster warned that funding shortages threatened services at 335 health facilities across 13 states, putting around 3.35 million people at risk, including 1.5 million displaced people who depend directly on these services.
  • Obstruction of access to medical and humanitarian aid, and restrictions on health and relief workers.
  • Continued displacement and overcrowding of civilians in areas lacking clean water and sanitation.
  • Deteriorating food security and widespread malnutrition, especially among children and women.
  • Damage to water sources and weak health oversight of them, increasing the risk of cholera and waterborne diseases spreading.
  • Reduced capacity of local health institutions to detect epidemics and respond early, especially in areas affected by military operations.
  1. Ensure unrestricted access for humanitarian and medical aid to Darfur and Kordofan.
  2. Protect hospitals, health centres, and medical and humanitarian workers.
  3. Provide vaccines, medicines, and intravenous fluids, and restart routine vaccination programmes.
  4. Secure drinking water, address sources of contamination, and provide sanitation services.
  5. Support remaining health facilities and prevent them from shutting down due to shortages of funding and supplies.
  6. Open independent investigations into attacks on health and humanitarian facilities and water sources, and hold those responsible accountable.

The SOHR warns that the collapse of the health system and the spread of epidemics in Darfur and Kordofan pose a direct threat to the lives of millions of civilians, amid the absence of even the most basic healthcare and humanitarian protection.

The SOHR stresses that continued restrictions on humanitarian work and the deterioration of basic services, particularly in conflict areas and areas under the control of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), require urgent international intervention, an independent investigation into the violations, and guarantees that those responsible will not escape accountability.

The ongoing war in Sudan began in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by de facto ruler Abdel Fattah Al Burhan Abdelrahman Al Burhan, and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), led by de facto deputy ruler Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo Musa (Hemedti). The war has displaced an estimated 12 to 15 million people and resulted in more than 150,000 deaths, making it the world’s largest displacement crisis and one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises.

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